XX大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：（ 211 ）( 翻译硕士英语 )
适用专业：（ 0552 ）( 翻译 )
（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或其它纸上无效）
I. Multiple Choice (20*0.5 point)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. You will be ______ the fine if you tell us who else was involved.
A. spared B. revealed C. forgiven D. given
2. He has been ______ every mail as he cherishes a hope that one day his missing brother will contact him.
A. watching out B. watching at C. watching for D. watching in
3. Some people enjoy talking about their fears while others ______ being asked to discuss their personal feelings.
A. refuse B. decline C. resent D. promote
4. He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment for ______ several crimes.
A. committing B. making C. conducting D. undertaking
5. As you are married, you are required to fill in this form with the names of you and your ______.
A. partner B. spouse C. husband D. wife
6. In order to prevent corruption, the top leaders of government are required to announce their income ______.
A. on time B. on cue C. in public D. at ease
7. With the development of our national economy, more and more people ______ the market economy.
A. believe in B. take on C. put off D. put on
8. The vegetarian restaurant makes its dishes resemble meat in every way except ______.
A. contents B. insides C. ingredients D. Tastes
9. Nowadays, the ATM machine is very popular because people can get money almost ______ when the code number is put in.
A. instantaneously B. spontaneously C. intentionally D. marginally
10. Students who always do things ______ might lack of creativity.
A. on the book B. with the book C. by book D. by the book
11. The best moral ______ is that of conscience, the worst is the fear of punishment.
A. sanction B. function C. operation D. acquisition
12. My friends and I don’t like to see his films because they have been criticized for being ______ violent.
A. excitedly B. overly C. usually D. absolutely
13. Some problem students who were always in low spirit were diagnosed as suffering from ______ crisis.
A. identify B. idealism C. identity D. status
14. We should carefully plan the process of negotiation and any ______ acts will be harmful to the result.
A. impulse B. impulsion C. instinct D. impulsive
15. Life was pure ______ last month; the children were ill and I had little money.
A. misery B. merriness C. mythic D. merit
16. His friends ______ him on the back when he said he was getting married.
A. stroke B. hit C. beaten D. slapped
17. Many people feel worried that foreign goods such as cars and appliances may ______ through the Chinese market after China enters the World Trade Organization.
A. run amok B. run out C. run off D. run away
18. When kids become grown-ups and independent, they sometimes feel that their mothers are ______ old women.
A. meddlesome B. troublesome C. dynamic D. prudent
19. He is really jealous when his girlfriend ______ a friendship with another young man.
A. strikes on B. strikes at C. strikes up D. strikes with
20. He is so conservative that he is ______ with modern life.
A. out of fashion B. out of step C. going back D. is based
II Cloze (10*1 point)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. Fill in each blank with the word in the following that best fits into the passage (fifteen choices are supplied). Write down your choices on the Answer Sheet.
Yet crime has certainly not decreased in ___1___ to the rise in imprisonment. Experts say the law of diminishing returns is ___2___ work here: As judges send more and more people to jail, a greater proportion of prisoners will ___3___ be less-frequent offenders. What’s ___4___, most criminologists agree ___5___ the steep rise in incarceration rates has been ___6___ largely by low-level drug offenders. Giving them more and longer ___7___ has done ___8___ to stop the drug trade, scholars say, since there always seem to be others ___9___ on the street to ___10___ their place.
| a. take
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b. at
|
c. which
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d.much
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e. sentences
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| f. that
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g. in
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h. away
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i. more
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j. inevitably
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| k. out
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l. keep
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m. little
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n. fueled
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o. proportion
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III. Error Correction (10*1 point)
Directions: There is one error in each line marked in number, correct them and write the right on the Answer Sheet.
An outstanding example of hardwired capabilities with great
flexibility for programming by us is language. Specialists agree that
“the human brain genetically programmed for language 1
development,” and that “speech can be explained only on the basis
of an innate language-processed capacity within our brain.” Unlike 2
the rigidity that is displayed in the instinct behavior of animals, 3
therefore, there is tremendous flexibility in a human’s use of this 4
hardwired capacity for language.
A specific language is not hardwired into our brains, and we are 5
preprogrammed with the capacity for learning languages. If two
language are spoken in the home, a child can learn both. If exposed 6
to the third language, the child can learn it also. One girl was 7
exposed to a number of langu8ges from babyhood. By the time she
was five she spoke eight fluently. In the view of such innate abilities 8
it is not surprise that a linguist said that chimpanzee experiments 9
with sign language “actually prove that chimps are capable of even 10
the most rudimentary forms of human language.”
IV. Reading (40 points)
Section One Reading Comprehension (30*1 point)
Passage 1
David Frost —— Autobiography
David Frost
Looked at one way, it is faintly ludicrous that Sir David Frost should be writing hisautobiography already. That he should have written just the first 30 years’worth might bethought strange. Here he is, not yet 55 years old, producing a volume of 528 pages thattakes us no further than l969.
It is, true, the period of his life that established his name and fortune, that swift risefrom undergraduate cabaret turn to star host on both sides of the Atlantic, joint founder ofan ambitious ITV company and long since able to invite show business stars, businesstycoons and a British Prime Minister to breakfast at three days’notice. (An event recalled inhis book with such empty indifference that you cannot decide whether the comprehensivename-dropping is intended to impress or just a habit. )
And yet David Frost, a significant figure in British television, certainly in the rapidlychanging environment of the 1960’s, remains something of a mystery. Never far frompositions of influence, wealthier from his broadcasting activities than all but the biggestmoguls, he is in many ways on the edge of things.
His book, like his career, perhaps, is as fascinating as it is unsatisfactory. The1ength is due to its liberal resort to program transcripts, which yield verbatim exchangeswith his many interviewees as well as detailed recall of the highs and lows of That Was TheWeek That Was and the scripting process that achieved them.
The private Frost is to be caught only in passing, as he remains true to his preface:“Where there was a choice between a’60s tale and a personal one I have tried always toinclude the former.”
The outcome is, I think, an insider’s book, dependent on remembering the times orknowing the people. But at that level, it is highly suggestive of its era, offers a view from aunique angle, yields some new insights -- into the formation of London Weekend Television,for instance —— and earns its place in the history of British Television. Like its author.
1. The autobiography covers the author’s
A. last thirty years. B. life after 1969.
C. life before 1969D. first 55 years.
2. David Frost is
A. an inf1uential TV host. B. a famous movie star.
C. an ambitious politician. D. a fascinating novelist.
3. The autobiography is described as an insider’s book because it requires a knowledge of
A. all his personal experiences.B. his unique insights into British history.
C. the development of British television.
D. what was really happening in the 1960s.
Passage 2
He Came in on Cat Paws
Quietly,almost unnoticed by a world sunk into the Great Depression, Germany onJan. 30, l933, was handed to a monster. Adolf Hitler arrived, not in jackboots at the headof his Nazi legions but on cat paws, creeping in the side door.
The president, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, 85 and doddering, hated Hitlerand all he represented. In 193l, after their first meeting, Hindenburg said Hitler “mightbecome minister of posts but never chancellor”. In l932 Hitler challenged Hindenburg. Thepresident —— Protestant, Prussian, a conservative monarchist -- won with the votes ofSocialists, Unions, Centrist Catholics and Liberal Democrats. Hitler —— Catholic, Austrianand a former tramp-carried upper —— class Protestants, Prussian landowners and monarchists.
Nearly senile and desperate for any way to establish order in the fractiousenvironment, Hindenburg fel1 prey to intriguers. Papen began plotting to bring himself topower and his supposed friend Schleicher to the top of the army. Papen offered Hindenburg agovernment with Hitler’s support but without Hitler in the cabinet. Hindenburg madePapen chance11or and Schleicher defense minister.
In the July 1932 parliamentary elections, the Nazis won 230 of 608 seats, and Hitlerdemanded the chancellorship; Hindenburg refused. Papen lost a confidence vote in August,and his government fell after losing in the fourth election in a year in November. Schleicher,whose very name means “intriguer”, turned on Papen, persuading Hindenburg to name himchancellor.Hitler’s propagandist Joseph Goebbels noted: “He won’t last long.”
To get revenge, Papen proposed sharing power with Hitler in January 1933; Hitleragreed, but with Papen as vice chancellor. Ever eager for order, Hindenburg shifted onceagain and fired Schleicher. “I am sure,” the president said “I shall not regret this action inheaven. Schleicher replied bitterly, “After this breach of trust, sir, I am not sure you willgo to heaven.”Schleicher would later say: “I stayed in power only 57 days, and on each andevery one of them I was betrayed 57 times. Don’t ever speak to me of German loyalty!
At noon on Jan. 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was sworn in as chancellor. Within onemonth, the Reichstag burned and civil liberties were suspended. Within two months, theEnabling Act stripped parliament of power and made Hitler dictator. On April 1, Hitlerdecreed a boycott of Jewish business. On April 4, he created the Reich Defense Council andbegan secretly rearming Germany. On July 14, Hitler made the Nazi Party “the only politicalparty in Germany”.
As they sowed, so they reaped. In the Blood Purge of 1934, a Nazi SS squadmurdered Kurt von Schleicher in the doorway of his home. Franz von Papen lingered on, sopowerless an errand boy for Hitler that he was acquitted at the Nuremberg trials.
4. The author says that Hitler came into power “On cat paws” because
A. he seized power illegally.B. he seized power by military force.
C. he quietly took advantage of the internal conflict.
D. he cleverly took advantage of the Depression.
5. Hitler first asked to be made chancellor when
A. Papen lost a confidence vote. B. Hitler had won a third of the votes.
C. Hindenburg fired Schleicher. D. Schleicher was fired.
6. The chancellor was held by
A. Papen, Schleicher, and then Hitler. B. Schleicher, Papen, and then Hitler.
C. Hindenburg, Schleicher, and then Hitler.
D. Hindenburg, Papen, and then Hitler.
Passage 3
Mercedes-Benz Gets Turned Upside down
Iris Rossner has seen eastern Germany customers weep for joy when they drive awayin shiny, new Mercedes-Benz sedans. “They have tears in their eyes and keep saying howlucky they are,” says Rossner, the Mercedes employee responsib1e for post-deliverycelebrations. Rossner has also seen the French pop corks on bottles of champagne as theirnational f1ag was hoisted above a purchase. And she has seen American business executives,Japanese tourists and Russian politicians travel thousands of miles to a Mercedes plant insouthwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trade mark three-pointed star wasabout to roll off the assemb1y line and into their lives. Those were the good economic miracleof the l960s and ended in l99l.
Times have changed. “Ten years ago, we had clear leadership in the market,” saysMercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer. “But over this period, the market has changeddrastically. We are now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are part1y responsible, butMercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi havemade efforts to rise to our standards of technical proficiency.”
Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. The auto maker’sworldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year, to a low of 527, 500. Before thedecline, in 1988, the company could sell close to 600,000 cars per year. In Germany alone,there were 30, 000 fewer new Mercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As a result,production has plunged by almost 50,000 cars to 529,400 last year, a level well beneath thecompany’s potential capacity of 650, 000.
Mercedes’ competitors have been catching up in the United States, the world’s largest car market. In 1986, Mercedes sold l00, 000 vehicles in America; by 1991, the
number had declined to 59,000. Over the last two years, the struggling company has lost aslice of its US market share to BMW, Toyota and Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes inAmerica last year for the first time in its history. Meanwhile, just as Mercedes began makingsome headway in Japan, a notorious1y difficult market, the Japanese economy fell on hardtimes and the company saw its sales decline by 13 percent in that country.
Revenues will hardly improve this year, and the time has come for getting down tobusiness. At Mercedes, that means cutting payrolls, streamlining production and opening upto consumer needs--revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyondimprovement.
7. The author’s intention in citing various nationalities’interests in Mercedes is to illustrateMercedes’
A. sale strategies. B. market monopoly.
C. superior quality. D. past record.
8. Mercedes is having a hard time because
A. it is lagging behind in technology. B. Japan is turning to BMW for cars.
C. its competitors are catching up. D. sales in America have dropped by 13%.
9. In the good years Mercedes could sell about
A. 527,500 cars. B. 529,400 cars.C. 600,000 cars. D. 650,000 cars.
10. What caused the decline of Mercedes’sales in Japan?
A. Japan is a very difficu1t market.B. The state of the economy there.
C. Competition from other car companies.
D. BMW and Audi’s improved technical standards.
Passage 4
What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it oughtto be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it oughtto be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believableclaims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understandingof the past, as Homer’s epics p informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek,and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion,common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a countryof immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial,narcissistic (自我陶醉的) personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type ofpersonality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus thatwould counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, ChristopherLasch says that modern man, “tortured by self consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himselfof his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for”. There iswidespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of nationalvision and purpose.
Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian (极权主义) societies,our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads todisunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society basedon individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniformorigin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth ——a vision —— abouta common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formedthe Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose.Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are sharedfantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to the members of his group. Such myths help to wardoff feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness —— in short; they combat isolation and thebreakdown of social standards and values.
11. In the author’s view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the
A) lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life.
B) non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take.
C) general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be.
D) public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms.
12. Homer’s epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that
A) the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily.
B) the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable.
C) the past can help to shape a consensus in the present.
D) the past determines social moralities for later generations.
13. The asocial personality of Americans results from
A) the multiracial constituents of the US society.
B) the absence of a common religion and ancestry.
C) the want of shared myths they possess in life.
D) the obstruction of achieving a general agreement.
14. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably
A) an earnest nationalist. B) an advanced psychologist.
C) a radical reformer. D) a social historian.
15. The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans .
A) to bring about the uniformity of their culture.
B) to diminish their great individual differences.
C) to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious.
D) to regain the feelings of social values and morale.
Passage 5
Genetic engineering holds great potential payoffs for farmers and consumers by making crops resistant to pets, diseases, and even chemicals used to kill surrounding weeds. But new research raisesconcerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks —— from none other than theweeds themselves. This is due to the weed’s ability to acquire genes for the neighboring agricultural crops.Researchers found that when a weed cross-breeds with a farm-cultivated relative and thus acquires newgenetic traits —— possibly including artificial genes engineered to make the crop hardier the hybrid (杂交) weed can pass along those traits to future generations.
“The result may be very hard, hard-to-kill weeds,” said Allison Snow, a plant ecologist at Ohio state university in Columbus who conducted the experiments over the past six years along with two colleague.They presented their results last week at the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Madison,Wisconsin. The findings suggest the genetic engineering done with the aim of improving crops —— givingthem new genetic traits such as resistance to herbicides (chemicals which kill weeds) or pest —— couldultimately have unintended and harmful consequences for the crops if weeds acquire the same trait anduse it to out compete the crops. “Gene movement from crops to their wild relatives is an ongoing processthat can be u1timately harmful to crops,” said Snow.
“The results of the experiments challenge a common belief that hybrids gradually die out over severalgenerations,” Snow explained. “There has been an assumption that genes would not persist in crop-weedhybrids because hybrids are thought to be less successful at reproducing,” she said. However, Snow’sresearch contradicted his assumption: Hybrid wild radishes survived in all six generations that weregrown since the study began.
Although the genetic traits the scientists monitored were natural and not genetically engineered, thefindings nonetheless suggest that artificial improvements introduced into crops through genetic engineeringcould spread to weeds and become permanent traits of the weed population.
So strengthened, the weeds may pose a serious risk to the long-term health of agricultural crops. Thedanger exists in a number of crops plants —— including rice, sunflower, and carrots —— that are closelyrelated to weeds with which they compete. Snow is concerned that the transfer of genes from crops to related weeds could rapidly render many herbicides ineffectual. That situation, she said, would be muchlike bacterial disease acquiring resistance to antibiotics.
Because plant hybrids arise in a single generation, however, it could happen much more quickly.
“Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on herbicides,” she said, “so people will notice when thosedo not work anymore.”
16. The word “This” (Line 4, Para. 1) refers to
A) the results of recent researchB) dangers inherent in the nature of weeds
C) risk of altering crop’s genetic make-ups
D) threats posed by chemical used to kill weeds
17. According to the passage, genetic engineering can be used to
A) kill weeds through cross-breedingB) make crops free from chemicals
C) improve the yield and quality of most crops
D) make crops resistant to chemical fertilizers
18. Genetically modified crops could have harmful effects because
A) genetically modified plants can bring new diseases
B) genetically modified plants are likely to develop into weeds
C) gene movement between cultivated plants and wild ones is inevitable
D) hybrids are generally more successful at breeding than natural plants
19. The potential that some weeds may do serious harm to genetically modified plants is greatest for
A) crops who rely on herbicides and pesticides for effective harvests
B) areas in which cross-breeding is kept to a minimum
C) agricultural crops grown for their grains
D) crops that are intimately related to their weeds
20. According to the author, the main impact gene transfer between crops and weeds could have is
A) the rapid deve1opment of unintended plant hybrids
B) the development of pest-and-herbicide-resistant weeds
C) the collapse of the agricultural industryD) the dying-out of hybrids
Passage 6
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with workthat is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create themechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence webarely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to therhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us withmechanical politeness for the transaction. Oursubway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. Andthanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systemsthat can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy —— far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with lesshuman supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves —— goals that pose a realchallenge. “while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, managerof a robotics program at NASA, “we can not give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact witha dynamic world.”
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell ofoptimism in the l960s and l970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might beable to copy the action of the human brain by the year 20l0, researchers lately have begun to extend thatforecast by decades if not centuries.
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundredbillion nerve cells are much more talented —— and human perception far more complicated —— thanpreviously imagined. They have built robot that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fractionof a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changingscene and immediately disregard the 98 Percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkeyat the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advancedcomputer system on earth can not approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still do not know quitehow we do it.
2l. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in
A) the use of machines to produce science fiction.
B) the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.
C) the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.
D) the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.
22. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means
A) devices. B) experts. C) programs. D) creatures.
23. According to Paragraph 3, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
A) can fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.
B) can respond independently to a changing world.
C) can have a little common sense. D) can interact with human beings verbally.
24. According to the passage, which of the following can robots do now?
A) Make a few decisions for themselves.
B) Deal with some errors with human intervention.
C) Improve factory environments.D) Cultivate human creativity.
25. The author uses the example Of a monkey to argue that robots are
A) expected to copy human brain in internal structure.
B) able to perceive abnormalities immediately.
C) best used in a controlled environment.
D) far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.
Passage 7
On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia: intentionallyadministering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twentytimes a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can affectan ultimate cure. “Active” euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by l2 yearsin prison. But a series of court cases over the past l5 years has made it clear that a competent physicianwho carries it out will not be prosecuted.
Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing”, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more andmore doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it,most often in the “passive” form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmeringeuthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming themantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacredprinciples of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years onthe defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percentof British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents toa poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.
Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans,are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. AsDerek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia” says, “lingering chronic diseaseshave replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.”
And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that everyhuman being should have the right to “die with dignity”, by which they usually mean the right to escapethe horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have arguedthat the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement alsoincludes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his ownlife.
That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands,the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and wouldsurround even those with elaborate safeguards.
26. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?
A) “Active” euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.
B) The doctor who carries out euthanasia will be charged.
C) An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.
D) “Active”euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.
27. Euthanasia is often called “mercy killing”, which implies that
A) people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patient.
B) some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercy.
C) humane treatment to dying patients should be required.
D) the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they don't want to live on.
28. “Boiled over” (Line 4, Para. 2) means
A) burst (into). B) make the water hot enough to boil.
C) cause great anger. D) fight one another.
29. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold that
A) only terminally ill patients can have euthanasia.
B) if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasia.
C) people should respect for life.
D) no matter what punishment they get, they’ll carry out euthanasia to patients.
30. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia is
A) positive. B) negative. C) objective. D) uncertain.
Section Two Reading and Completing or answering (5*2 points)
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many householdtasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The patternof sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such ahome, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to preparemore fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important —— and that has happened insome cases —— we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of“Momism” —— but we don't want to exchange it for a “Neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is therecognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychologists,social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that theyhave decided that women should not receive all the credit —— nor all the blame. We have almost given upsaying that a woman's place is in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it, nor is that placeirrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each familyneeds to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and theideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but alsowith a healthy family.
Questions:
l. It can be inferred from the passage that in families where notions of male superiority Prevail householdtasks are mainly shouldered by .
2. According to the passage, is characteristic of the world we are living in.
3. Why is it necessary to reassess the role of the man in the family?
4. According to psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family, women’s role in bringingup children has been somewhat .
5. Why is it difficult to lay down rules for all families to observe to ensure equality in the family?
V. Composition (30 points)
You are asked to write an essay within about 400 words on the topic of Learning by Experiencing.
